C++

C++

Introduction
C++ is a programming language. It is a programming language of many different dialects, just like each language that is spoken has many dialects. In C though, they are not because the "speakers" live in the North, South, or grew up in some other place, it is because there are so many compilers. There are about four major ones: Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Watcom C/386, and DJGPP. You can download DJGPP http://www.delorie.com/djgpp/ or you may already have another compiler.

Chapter1 Getting Started A Brief History of C++ Programs Solving Problems C++ and Object-Oriented Programming The ANSI Standard Compiling the Source Code Creating an Executable File with the Linker The Development Cycle Compile Errors Chapter2 The parts of a C++ Program A Simple Program A Brief Look at Cout Comments Functions Using Functions Chapter3 Variables and Constants What is a Variable? Setting Aside Memory Defining A Variable Creating more than one Variable at a Time Wrapping around a signed Integer Characters Constants Chapter4 Expressions and Statements Statements Expressions Operators Integer Division and Modulus Prefix and Postfix Precedence Nesting Parentheses The Nature of Truth Logical Operators Chapter5 Functions What is a Function? Declaring and Defining Functions Functions Execution of Functions Overloading of Functions Levels of Abstraction The Stack and Functions Chapter6 Basic Classes Creating New Types Why create a New Type? Classes and Members Defining an Object Private versus Public Make Member Data Private Implementing Class Methods Constructors and Destructors Interface versus Implementation Inline Implementation Classes with other Classes as Member Data Structures Chapter7 More Program Flow Looping Continue and Break The Do....While Statement For Loops Nested Loops Switch Statements Chapter8 Pointers What is a Pointer? Storing the Address in a Pointer Pointers, Addresses and Variables Manipulating Data by using Pointers Pointers Memory Leaks Accessing Data Members Member Data on the Free Store The this Pointer const Pointers Chapter9 References What is a Reference? What can be Referenced? References Null Pointers and Null References Understanding Function Headers and Prototypes Returning Multiple Values Passing by Reference for Efficiency Mixing Reference and Pointers Returning a Reference to an Object on the Heap Pointer, Pointer, Who has the Pointer? Chapter10 Advanced Functions Overloaded Member Functions Using Default Values Choosing Between Default Values and Overloaded Functions The Default Constructor Overloading Constructors Initializing Objects Operator Overloading Unary Operators The Assignment Operator Counter Conversion Operators Chapter11 Arrays What is an Array? Array Elements Initializing Arrays Declaring Arrays Arrays Array of Objects Multidimensional Arrays Initializing Multidimensional Arrays Arrays of Pointers Declaring Arrays on the Free Store Pointers and Array Names Deleting Arrays on the Free Store char Arrays String Classes Linked Lists and other Structures Array Classes Chapter12 Inheritance What is Inheritance? Inheritance and Derivation Private versus Protected Constructors and Destructors Overriding Functions Overloading versus Overriding Virtual Methods Chapter13 Polymorphism Problems with Single Inheritance Multiple Inheritance Ambiguity Resolution Declaring Classes for Virtual Inheritance Abstract Data Types Declaring a Class Abstract Data Type Chapter14 Special Classes and Functions Static Member Data Static Member Functions Accessing Static Member Functions Pointers to Functions Use of Function Pointers Shorthand Invocation Pointers to Member Functions Chapter15 Advanced Inheritance Containment Copying by Value Implementation in Terms of Inheritance/Containment versus Delegation Delegation Private Inheritance Friend Classes Friend Functions Chapter16 Streams Overivew of Streams Streams and Buffers Standard I/O Objects Input using cin Strings Other Member Functions of cin Output with cout Related Functions Manipulators, Flags and Formatting Instructions Streams versus the printf() Function File Input and Output Binary versus Text Files Command-Line Processing Chapter17 Templates Parameterized Types Template Definition Implementing the Template Template Functions Templates and Friends Using Template Items The Standard Template Library